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- – ر.ک: محمدمهدی، حاجیان، منبع پیشین، ص ۱۱۰ به بعد. ↑
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- – تشکیل قراردادها و تعهدات، ش ۲۵۶٫ ↑
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- – ناصر، کاتوزیان؛ قواعد عمومی قراردادها، ج ۲، ش ۳۹۹٫ ↑
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-
- – برای نمونه نگاه کنید به: مجتبی، زاهدیان (۱۳۷۷)؛ عقد بیع ثمن شناور open price در کنوانسیون بیع بین‌المللی کالا ۱۹۸۰ وین، حقوق انگلیس، امریکا و ایران، ص ۱۴۲، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. ↑
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- – عیسی، امینی(۱۳۷۹)؛ روش‌های تعیین ثمن در کنوانسیون بیع بین‌المللی کالا وین مصوب ۱۹۸۰ و حقوق ایران، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تهران. ↑
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- – مهراب، داراب‌پور(۷۶-۷۷ )؛ ثمن شناور، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره ۲۱- ۲۲، صص۲۲۳به بعد. ↑
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- – That is certain that can be rendered certain. ↑
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- -سید حسن،وحدتی شبیری، منبع پیشین، ص ۱۳۵٫ ↑
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- – Clark W.L. (1914) Handbook of the law of contracts, (3rd ed), west publishing Co. ↑
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– Art. 1108: Four requisites are essential for the validity of an agreement:The consent of the party who binds himself;
His capacity to contract;
A definite object which forms the subject-matter of the undertaking;
A lawful cause in the obligation.
En frence: Article 1108 : Quatre conditions sont essentielles pour la validité d’une convention :
Le consentement de la partie qui s’oblige ;
Sa capacité de contracter ;
Un objet certain qui forme la matière de l’engagement ;
Une cause licite dans l’obligation.} ↑
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– Art. 1129: An obligation must have for its object a thing determined at least as to its kind.The quantity of the thing may be uncertain, provided it can be determined.
En frence : Article 1129 :Il faut que l’obligation ait pour objet une chose au moins déterminée quant à son espèce. La quotité de la chose peut être incertaine, pourvu qu’elle puisse être déterminée. ↑
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- – Art. 1591: The price of a sale must be determined and stated by the parties.En frence : Article 1591: Le prix de la vente doit être déterminé et désigné par les parties. ↑
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- – Art. 1592: It may however left to the estimation of a third person; where that person is unwilling or unable to make an estimate, there is no sale.En frence : Article 1592:Il peut cependant être laissé à l’arbitrage d’un tiers ; si le tiers ne veut ou ne peut faire l’estimation, il n’y a point de vente. ↑
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- – عیسی، امینی؛ منبع پیشین، صص ۶۲-۶۱٫ ↑
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- – سید حسن، وحدتی بشیری؛ منبع پیشین، ص ۴۱٫ ↑
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– Art. 8: Ascertainment of price(۱) The price in a contract of sale may be fixed by the contract, or may be left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract, or may be determined by the course of dealing between the parties.
(۲) Where the price is not determined as mentioned in subsection (1) above the buyer must pay a reasonable price.
(۳) What is a reasonable price is a question of fact dependent on the circumstances of each particular case. ↑
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- – Art.9: Agreement to sell at valuation(۱) Where there is an agreement to sell goods on the terms that the price is to be fixed by the valuation of a third party, and he cannot or does not make the valuation, the agreement is avoided; but if the goods or any part of them have been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price for them. ↑
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- -Carron Ann Russel (1996); Opinion Writing and Drafting in Contract Law, p34, London: Cavendish Publishing Limited. ↑
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-§ ۲-۳۰۵٫ Open Price Term.(۱) The parties if they so intend may conclude a contract for sale even if the price is not settled. In such a case the price is a reasonable price at the time for delivery if:
(a) nothing is said as to price;
(b) The price is left to be agreed by the parties and they fail to agree; or
© The price is to be fixed in terms of some agreed market or other standard as set or recorded by a third person or agency and it is not so set or recorded.
(۲) A price to be fixed by the seller or by the buyer means a price to be fixed in good faith.
(۳) If a price left to be fixed otherwise than by agreement of the parties fails to be fixed through fault of one party the other may at the party’s option treat the contract as cancelled or the party may fix a reasonable price.
(۴) If, however, the parties intend not to be bound unless the price is fixed or agreed and it is not fixed or agreed there is no contract. In such a case the buyer must return any goods already received or if unable to do so must pay their reasonable value at the time of delivery and the seller must return any portion of the price paid on account. ↑
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- – همچنین برای مطالعه بیشتر ر.ک: عیسی، امینی، منبع پیشین، ص ۶۱ به بعد. ↑
-
- – CISG: The UN-Convention on contracts for the International sale of Goods,Vienna, 1986. ↑
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- – Article 14 :(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price. ↑
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- – Article 55: Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned. ↑
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- – برای مطالعه بیشتر در این خصوص ر.ک: هجده تن از حقوق دانان دانشگاه‌های معتبر جهان؛ تفسیری بر حقوق بیع بین‌المللی، ترجمه: مهراب داراب پور(۱۳۷۴)، دوره سه جلدی، تهران: گنج دانش.؛ وLarry A. Dimatteo, Lucien J.Dhooge, Stephanie Greene, Virginia G.Maurer, Marisa Anne Pagnataro; (2005) International (Sales Law: A Critical Analysis of CISG Jurisprudence, p53, New York; Cambridge. ↑
